Separation of Church and State Essay examples -- essays research paper

Probably one of the most heated and controversial political battles raging today would have to be the argument of Separation of Church and State. This debate bridges boundaries of political and social status and reaches deep within, to a time honored believe, Religion. With greater movements toward civil liberties and individual rights, more people have picked up there political swords and readied themselves for battle. So far there has been many casualties on both sides but yet no victor. The whole argument has been raging for some time but never has it been as heated as it has in the last several years. In 1951 minority religions felted that they no longer should be persecuted and have to listen to others religions in public places and following in the foot steps of the civil rights movement they decided to act. Although no real changes came about till 1962 in the case of Engel vs Vitale. This was a deciding case that proved that religion is indeed, not allowed in the schools or other governmental institutions. Many other religious movements have followed since that case. When the movement for Separation of Church and State began, it was usually minority religions vs. Majority religions in certain areas. Everyone was for prayer in schools, but they all wanted a different prayer to be said. Ultimately they turned to the courts to decide but as they proceeded through the trials they realized, â€Å"Do we really want the government to decide what prayer to say in school? A... Separation of Church and State Essay examples -- essays research paper Probably one of the most heated and controversial political battles raging today would have to be the argument of Separation of Church and State. This debate bridges boundaries of political and social status and reaches deep within, to a time honored believe, Religion. With greater movements toward civil liberties and individual rights, more people have picked up there political swords and readied themselves for battle. So far there has been many casualties on both sides but yet no victor. The whole argument has been raging for some time but never has it been as heated as it has in the last several years. In 1951 minority religions felted that they no longer should be persecuted and have to listen to others religions in public places and following in the foot steps of the civil rights movement they decided to act. Although no real changes came about till 1962 in the case of Engel vs Vitale. This was a deciding case that proved that religion is indeed, not allowed in the schools or other governmental institutions. Many other religious movements have followed since that case. When the movement for Separation of Church and State began, it was usually minority religions vs. Majority religions in certain areas. Everyone was for prayer in schools, but they all wanted a different prayer to be said. Ultimately they turned to the courts to decide but as they proceeded through the trials they realized, â€Å"Do we really want the government to decide what prayer to say in school? A...

Wendy Geiger

Your friend, Wendy Geiger, owns a small retail store that sells candies and nuts. Geiger acquires her goods from a few select vendors. She generally makes purchase orders by phone and on credit. Sales are primarily for cash. Geiger keeps her own manual accounting system using a general Journal and a general ledger. At the end of each business day, she records one summary entry for cash sales. Geiger recently began offering items in creative gift packages.This has increased sales substantially, and she is now receiving orders from corporate and other clients who order large uantities and prefer to buy on credit. As a result of increased credit transactions in both purchases and sales, keeping the accounting records has become extremely time consuming. Geiger wants to continue to maintain her own manual system and calls you for advice. Required: In Microsoft Word write a memo to her advising how she might modify her current manual accounting system to accommodate the expanded business activities.Geiger is accustomed to checking her ledger by using a trial balance. Your memo should xplain the advantages of what you propose and of any other verification techniques you recommend. Dear Wendy. I see that your business has grown significantly from where you started off and I thought that I might offer you a few suggestions regarding your record keeping. you are gaining larger clients, that it is necessary for you to not only keep a record of cash customers as a whole, but cash and credit customers individually.This will keep you 100% protected from fraudulent charges and bank related issues as well as will eep you organized and on top of things fguratively. No matter how big or small your business is, numbers can make or break you. You need to keep track of each number as if it was your only one.Manual Accounting Modifications for Expanded Business This memo is to advise you of the best possible ways for you to modify your current manual accounting system to accommodat e the expanded business activities for your retail store.Pursuant to our conversation, you generally obtain your goods on credit using purchase orders, and your sales are primarily cash. You currently keep your manual accounting system using a general Journal and a general ledger, and you make one summary entry for cash sales at the end of each business day. Due to increased demand for your products and higher sales volume, including credit sales, maintaining the accounting records has become time consuming, but you would like to continue with your manual system.Allow me to provide pertinent information that ill assist you in continuing your manual system in the most efficient way. The accounting information system is one that collects and processes relevant data from transactions, and organizes them into relevant reports. This system is also used to report and record the exchange of goods and/or services. It is critical for you to understand how and what transactions are occurring in your business. A small business like yours can be effective with a manual process and with the use of special Journals and subsidiary ledgers.With the issues you mentioned in mind, most f your transactions can be categorized into the special Journals with the use of four individual Journals to complement the general Journal you are currently using. Special Journals are used to record and post transactions, and are uniquely designed for each business, but for most merchandising companies, the Journals used are sales Journals, for recording sales on credit; cash receipts Journals, to record sales made by cash; purchases Journals, for recording goods obtained on credit; and cash disbursements Journals, for†¦

African-American History Timeline 1880 to 1889

During the 1880s, many of the liberties that African-Americans enjoyed as citizens were rapidly taken away by the U.S. Supreme Court, state legislatures and everyday people who did not believe that African-Americans should be able to participate in the political process.   As laws were created on the federal and local level to disenfranchise African-American communities, men such as Booker T. Washington established Tuskegee Institute and women such as Ida B. Wells began working on a local level to expose the horrors of lynching.   1880    The U.S. Supreme Court rules that African-Americans cannot be excluded from a jury based on race in Strauder v. West Virginia. 1881 The Tennessee State Legislature votes to segregate railroad passenger cars.Spelman College is established by Sophia B. Packard and Harriet E. Giles. The institution is the first for African-American women in the United States.Booker T. Washington establishes Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. 1882 The first state mental hospital for African-Americans is opened in Virginia. The hospital is located in Petersburg.History of the Negro Race in America from 1619 to 1880 is published by George Washington Williams. The text is considered the first comprehensive history of African-American culture to be written.The Ku Klux Klan Act of 1871 is voided by the U.S. Supreme Court.    1883 A new trend begins in the electoral process: no African-Americans are elected to serve in the 50th Congress. At the same time, voter intimidation keeps many African-American men from participating in the voting process.The Civil Rights Act of 1875 is considered invalid by the U.S. Supreme Court. The decision is known as the Civil Rights Cases and declares that the federal government cannot keep businesses or individuals from discriminating against others on the basis of race.Abolitionist and women’s advocate Sojourner Truth dies.A group of white residents in the town of Danville, Va. take control of the local government. In the process, four African-Americans are killed. 1884 Judy W. Reed, inventor of the dough kneader and roller, becomes the first African-American woman to receive a patent.Granville T. Woods establishes the Woods Railway Telegraph Company in Columbus, Ohio. Woods’ company manufactures and sells telephone and telegraph equipment. 1885 Episcopal Priest Samuel David Ferguson becomes the first ordained bishop in the Episcopal Church. 1886 An estimated 75,000 African-Americans are members of the Knights of Labor.Norris Wright Cuney is appointed chairman of the Texas Republican Party. In this position, he is the first African-American to lead a major political party at the state level in the United States. 1887 Florida segregates railroad passenger cars.The directors of Major League Baseball prohibited the   African-American players from joining the league.The National Colored Baseball League is established, becoming the first professional African-American league. The league begins with eight teams—the Lord Baltimores, Resolutes, Browns, Falls City, Gorhams, Pythians, Pittsburgh Keystones, and the Capital City Club. However, within two weeks the National Colored Baseball League will cancel games as a result of poor attendance.The National Colored Farmer’s Alliance is founded in Texas. 1888 Mississippi segregates its railroad passenger cars.The Savings Bank of the Grand Fountain United Order of the Reformers and Capital Savings Bank of Washington D.C. are established. Both are considered the first African-American owned and operated banks. 1889 Florida institutes the poll tax in an effort to keep African-American men from voting. Florida is the first state to use the poll tax.Frederick Douglass is appointed as the Prime Minister of Haiti.